Medication for Panic Disorders

The treatment of panic disorder often involves the use of medications that can help reduce the frequency and intensity of panic attacks and manage associated symptoms such as anxiety and fear. The most prescribed classes of medications include:

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

SSRIs are often considered the first-line treatment for panic disorder. These medications work by increasing the levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in regulating mood, in the brain. Commonly prescribed SSRIs include fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), and paroxetine (Paxil). SSRIs are generally well-tolerated and effective in reducing the frequency and severity of panic attacks.

Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

SNRIs, like SSRIs, influence neurotransmitters in the brain but specifically target both serotonin and norepinephrine. These medications, such as venlafaxine (Effexor XR), are also used to treat panic disorder and can be particularly helpful for individuals who do not respond well to SSRIs. 

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines are fast-acting medications that are effective in reducing acute anxiety and panic symptoms. Common examples include alprazolam (Xanax) and clonazepam (Klonopin). While effective, benzodiazepines are typically prescribed for short-term use due to the risk of dependence and potential withdrawal symptoms. They are often used in combination with SSRIs or SNRIs during the initial stages of treatment.

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)

TCAs, such as imipramine (Tofranil) and clomipramine (Anafranil), are older antidepressants that can be effective in treating panic disorder. Though less commonly used today due to their side effect profile, they remain an option for individuals who do not respond to SSRIs or SNRIs. 

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

MAOIs, such as phenelzine (Nardil), are another class of older antidepressants that can be used to treat panic disorder. However, due to their interaction with certain foods and medications, as well as their side effects, they are generally reserved for treatment-resistant cases.

The choice of medication for panic disorder is individualized, based on the patient’s specific symptoms, medical history, and response to previous treatments. At Empire State Psychiatry, our team of experienced psychiatrists works closely with each patient to determine the most appropriate medication and dosage.